Casablanca and Rabat: Modern Energy and Historic Depth

Casablanca and Rabat lie about an hour apart. Casablanca, Morocco’s biggest city, pulses with economic growth and bold art. Rabat, the coastal capital, mixes current governance with centuries of architecture and green spaces. Though both border the Atlantic, each city offers unique highlights from Casablanca’s Hassan II Mosque to Rabat’s Hassan Tower, Kasbah des Oudayas, and Chellah. Explore Morocco’s top cities to experience both the vibrant modernity of Casablanca and the rich history of Rabat.

Below are their histories, main landmarks, and practical tips that reveal two sides of modern Morocco.

I. Casablanca: Morocco’s Economic Force

1. A Brief History of Casablanca

Casablanca, known in Arabic as Dar el-Beida, began as a small Amazigh fishing settlement called Anfa. By the 14th century, Anfa became a growing port linked to traders across the Mediterranean. In the 15th century, the Portuguese took control and called it “Casa Branca” (White House). The name changed into “Casablanca” under Spanish influence. During French colonial rule in the early 1900s, the city expanded with wide streets and Art Deco structures. Today, Casablanca is a commercial hub and a major port, where modern towers meet old-world souks.

2. Top Places to Visit in Casablanca

• Habous Quarter (New Medina)
  Built during the French Protectorate, the Habous Quarter blends Moroccan architecture with European-inspired city planning. Explore neat lanes lined with leather shops, tailors, and pottery stalls.
• Art Deco Downtown
  Stroll along Boulevard Mohamed V to see a mix of Art Deco, Moorish Revival, and Neo-Mauresque designs. Enjoy decorative outward appearances, geometric patterns, and curved balconies that showcase 20th-century flair.
• La Corniche and Ain Diab
  This coastal area features beach clubs, ocean-view cafés, and a lively promenade ideal for walks at sunset and fresh seafood.

3. Why Visit Casablanca?

Casablanca has varied dining spots, modern art galleries, and a vibrant urban feel. Its medina offers street food and local markets, while places like Villa des Arts host modern exhibits. Sample hot harira (tomato-based soup) or the city’s seafood tagines, which reflect Casablanca’s mix of tradition and new influences.

II. Hassan II Mosque: A Monument on the Atlantic

1. Historical Background and Construction

Commissioned by King Hassan II, the Hassan II Mosque opened in 1993 after six years of work. The French architect Michel Pinseau designed it on a site overlooking the Atlantic. Its placement represents Morocco’s religious heritage linking sea and land.

2. Architectural Features

• Towering Minaret
  Rising 210 meters (689 feet), the minaret ranks among the tallest in the world. It is decorated with fine zellij (mosaic tile) and carved plaster.
• Ornate Interior
  The prayer hall holds 25,000 worshippers. The esplanade holds 80,000 more. Cedar carvings, marble floors, and a retractable roof highlight Morocco’s expert design.
• Glass Floor Above the Atlantic
  Some parts of the interior have glass panels where visitors can see the ocean below. This detail shows the link between the mosque and nature.

3. Visiting Tips for  Hassan II Mosque

• Guided Tours: Non-Muslims can visit at set times, often in multiple languages.
• Dress Code: Cover shoulders and knees; a scarf or shawl may be useful.
• Photography: Allowed in most areas. Please remain courteous in prayer zones.

Why Visit the Hassan II Mosque?
The mosque combines Morocco’s art traditions with modern engineering. Its scale and details show Casablanca’s growing character, joining classic styles with present-day ambition.

III. Rabat: Morocco’s Coastal Capital

1. Rabat’s Historical Layers

Known as Ribat al-Fath (“the stronghold of victory”), Rabat took shape in the 12th century under the Almohads. Subsequent dynasties Almohad, Merenid, and Alaouite added walls, palaces, and gardens. The French Protectorate made Rabat the administrative center in 1912. It remains Morocco’s political base, with orderly streets, diplomatic missions, the king’s primary residence, and cultural sites.

2. Places to Visit in Rabat

• Ville Nouvelle (New Town)
  Developed under French colonial planning, Rabat’s New Town displays wide roads, European-style cafés, and state buildings.
• Rabat Medina
  Smaller and calmer than those in Fes or Marrakech, Rabat’s old quarter features artisan workshops, local bakeries, and occasional souks. Its location near the Bouregreg River adds scenic charm.
• Bouregreg Waterfront
  This revived riverfront links Rabat and Salé. Paths, dining spots, and cultural centers line the banks, perfect for easy walks or river views.

3. Culture, Cuisine, and Daily Life

Rabat’s calmer setting differs from Casablanca’s rush. Here, modern malls stand next to the Mohammed VI Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art. Dining can be upscale or casual, from global cafés to street stalls serving bissara (fava bean soup) or grilled sardines by the medina. The city’s blend of tradition and modern governance offers both heritage and forward-facing ideas.

IV. Hassan Tower: An Unfinished Landmark

1. Historical Roots

Almohad Sultan Yacoub al-Mansour began building the Hassan Tower in the late 12th century, aiming for a height of almost 80 meters. Work stopped after his death in 1199, leaving a half-finished minaret and columns marking an ambitious plan that never concluded.

2. Key Architectural Points

• Minaret Design
  Made from red sandstone, it stands about 44 meters (144 feet), highlighting the Almohad style of geometric patterns.
• Surrounding Esplanade
  Stone columns outline the mosque’s intended footprint. Views of the Bouregreg River and Rabat’s skyline highlight the area’s historic importance.
• Mausoleum of Mohammed V
  Next to Hassan Tower is a white mausoleum with green-tiled roofs, containing the tombs of King Mohammed V and his sons. The interior exposes refined zellij (mosaic tiles) and carved plaster.

3. Visiting Tips for Hassan Tower

• Best Light: Morning and late afternoon are nice for photos.
• Quiet Behavior: Some locals visit the Mausoleum to pay respects. Stay calm and polite.
• Local Guides: On-site guides can offer more facts for a small fee.

Why Visit Hassan Tower?
Hassan Tower links Rabat’s Almohad past with incomplete aspirations. Its layout and partial construction fascinate travelers and show Morocco’s layered history.

V. Kasbah des Oudayas: A Fort by the Sea

1. Historical Background

Located near the Bouregreg River’s mouth, the Kasbah des Oudayas was founded in the 12th century by the Almohads as a coastal strongpoint. Corsairs and Andalusian immigrants arrived later, forming the white-and-blue houses that echo a Mediterranean style.

2. Places to Visit in Kasbah des Oudayas

• Bab Oudaia
  A large main gate with Moorish arches and decorative details.
• Andalusian Gardens
  Created in the early 1900s, these gardens include orange trees, bougainvillea, and small fountains.
• Oudayas Museum
  A 17th-century lodge housing traditional jewelry, pottery, and local textiles.
• Panoramic Terrace
  Overlooks the Atlantic, the Bouregreg River, and Salé.

3. Local Ambiance and Cafés

The kasbah’s calm streets are especially pleasant at sunrise or late afternoon. Café Maure, set on the ramparts, serves mint tea and almond pastries with broad river views.

Why Visit Kasbah des Oudayas?
Listed by UNESCO, the Kasbah des Oudayas fuses medieval defense, Andalusian influences, and a mellow coastal vibe. It suits quiet walks, photos, or casual tea breaks.

VI. Chellah: Traces of Ancient Civilizations

1. From Phoenicians to Merenids

Chellah is among Morocco’s most noteworthy archaeological locations. Phoenician traders arrived first, followed by Romans who named it Sala Colonia. Once Rome pulled back, Amazigh groups occupied the area. In the 14th century, the Merenids built a cemetery on the Roman ruins, blending Islamic buildings with older remains.

2. Areas to Visit in Chellah

• Fortified Walls
  The gateway, with Merenid touches, leads visitors down a path lined with overgrown greenery.
• Roman Ruins
  A forum, temples, and mosaic floors hint at an earlier era.
• Merenid Necropolis
  Browse tombs, a small minaret, and prayer chambers where storks often nest.
• Gardens and Pools
  Abandoned gardens, fish ponds, and wild blooms create a peaceful setting.

3. Practical Tips

• Footwear: Paths may be rough, so sturdy shoes help.
• Birdwatching: Storks and migrating birds often rest here. Consider field glasses if you enjoy bird spotting.
• Late-Day Visits: Sunset light highlights the ruins for appealing photos.

Why Visit Chellah?
Chellah unites Phoenician, Roman, and Islamic history in a single quiet site. It attracts those who enjoy archaeology, greenery, and a strong sense of time passing.

VII. Practical Tips for Visiting Casablanca and Rabat

1. Transportation
   • Train: A one-hour rail link connects Casablanca and Rabat efficiently.
   • Airports: Casablanca’s Mohammed V International is the busiest in Morocco; Rabat-Salé Airport has some international flights.
2. Best Time to Visit
   • Both cities have mild coastal weather year-round. Spring (March–May) and early autumn (September–October) are comfortable with fewer crowds.
3. Accommodations
   • Casablanca: Options vary from seafront resorts along the Corniche to central business hotels.
   • Rabat: Boutique riads in the medina or modern hotels in the Ville Nouvelle suit different budgets.
4. Cultural Etiquette
   • Dress conservatively, especially near religious sites.
   • Always ask before taking photos of people.
   • Greet residents with “Salam Alaikum” and observe personal space.
5. Local Experiences
   • Hamams: Moroccan steam baths give insight into local customs of relaxation.
   • Souvenir Shopping: Medinas in both cities sell leather goods, rugs, and ceramics.
   • Music and Arts: Seek out malhoun, Gnaoua, or new fusion shows to see Morocco’s cultural variety.

Two Cities with One Journey

Casablanca and Rabat display two key aspects of contemporary Morocco. Casablanca offers modern business, international dining, and forward-thinking art, all shaped by its seaside port and expanding skyline. Rabat, meanwhile, mixes its capital status with older sites, UNESCO-listed spots, and laid-back waterside promenades.

From Casablanca’s towering Hassan II Mosque to Rabat’s half-finished Hassan Tower, and from the quiet corners of Rabat’s medina to Kasbah des Oudayas and Chellah, each city shares a piece of Morocco’s changing narrative. Whether staying for a weekend or a longer visit, Casablanca and Rabat provide architectural diversity, traditional customs, and new energy all within close reach.